Question
While mainly used for loanword adaptation, this repair strategy is productive after final s, l, or r in Makassaric words, which even add a glottal stop after the reduplicant. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this nativization technique that repeats a sound in a new unstressed foot to fit phonotactic constraints. Guttural sounds often trigger this paragogic adaptation, such as after final visarga or Japanese h.
ANSWER: echo vowel epenthesis (“uh-PEN-thuh-sis”) [or synharmonic vowel or copy-vowel epenthesis; prompt on short vowel or ultrashort vowel; prompt on paragoge; prompt on inserting an extra vowel or intrusive vowel or inserting the same vowel as the previous syllable or synonyms; reject “echo reduplication” or “reduplication”]
[10e] Languages also integrate loanwords via this process, the opposite of epenthesis. This general sound change affected the start of the French word plafond upon entering Vietnamese as la-phông (“la-fong”).
ANSWER: elision [or deletion; or word forms of elide or delete; accept consonant elision or deletion; accept initial dropping; prompt on cluster simplification or cluster reduction or simplifying/reducing consonant clusters, blends, or complex consonants; reject “lenition” or “assimilation” or “fusion” or “coalescence”]
[10m] Borrowing, harmony, and metathesis are studied via “copying and spreading” in this theory and sub-theories like sympathy theory. In this theory, “richness of the base” doesn’t constrain phonological input while asterisks on tableaux rank output violations.
ANSWER: optimality theory [prompt on OT]
<OL, Social Science>
Data
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Exact Match? | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Chicago Open | 07/28/2024 | Y | 10 | 9.00 | 50% | 40% | 0% |